Forecasting the duration of short‐term deflation episodes

The paper proposes a simulation‐based approach to multistep probabilistic forecasting, applied for predicting the probability and duration of negative inflation. The essence of this approach is in counting runs simulated from a multivariate distribution representing the probabilistic forecasts, which enters the negative inflation regime. The marginal distributions of forecasts are estimated using the series of past forecast errors, and the joint distribution is obtained by a multivariate copula approach. This technique is applied for estimating the probability of negative inflation in China and its expected duration, with the marginal distributions computed by fitting weighted skew‐normal and two‐piece normal distributions to autoregressive moving average ex post forecast errors and using the multivariate Student t copula.     

关于悬臂梁受重锤冲击时的动载荷系数分析

研究了悬臂梁受重锤的冲击问题,建立了重锤的运动方程及悬臂梁的振动控制方程,并利用Galerkin原理求得重锤对悬臂梁的冲击力表达式.研究结果表明:重锤质量大于悬臂梁质量时,冲击力的近似解以及有限元解与实验结果之间的误差较大;重锤质量小于悬臂梁质量时,冲击力的近似解与有限元解与实验结果之间的误差小于5%.     

基于Unity 3D的多机协同化纤长丝生产线工艺仿真

将化纤长丝生产线按功能特点分成生产、检测、包装和仓储4个子系统,基于Unity 3D分别在4台电脑上进行协同仿真和显示。生产子系统使用数据化驱动可以仿真任意生产规模的场景,检测子系统与智能检测模块联合可以仿真基于视觉处理的真实生产线产品质量检测,包装子系统可以对质量合格的丝饼按规格打包,仓储子系统根据订单需求对已打包的丝饼进行存储并完成进出库操作。对各子系统需要通信的数据制定了协议,使用基于TCP/IP(transmission control protocol/internet protocol)的Socket通信完成多台电脑协同仿真。试验表明,多机协同仿真可以更高效地设计和优化化纤长丝生产线。     

一种立体织机平行打纬机构的设计与优化

针对多层织物织造过程中,各层纬纱打纬力需保持一致以及需要减少钢筘与纱线之间摩擦的要求,提出八连杆平行打纬机构,并根据工艺要求对打纬机构进行优化。以打纬机构的主轴转动140°时,筘座在后心位置处的近似静止位移Δs最小为优化目标,通过Matlab软件分析确定设计变量,优化钢筘在后死心位置的近似停留时间。运动学仿真结果表明,优化后的打纬机构不仅保证了钢筘的打纬动程和其在后死心处的静止时间,而且增大了钢筘的惯性打纬力,有利于厚重织物的打纬。     

基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制方法

针对传统混合动力汽车控制方法不考虑已知道路交通信号灯信息对车辆能量管理影响的问题,提出了基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制智能优化策略。通过建立混合动力汽车系统的简化模型,并采用连续广义最小残量方法求解模型预测控制问题。运用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,仿真结果验证了交通信号灯信息模型的有效性,以及所设计的模型预测控制算法大幅度提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性的能力和实时控制性能。研究结果表明所提出的控制策略可以实现车辆行驶轨迹的优化控制,显著提高了车辆的燃油经济性,并满足系统的实时最优控制要求。     

Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis for Explosive Logic Network with Two-Input-One-Output

The explosive logic network( ELN) with two-input-oneoutput was designed with three explosive logic gap null gates. The time window of the output of the ELN was given,after which the dynamic fault tree analysis was implemented. Two dynamic failure modes of the ELN were obtained,and then their own Markov transition processes were established. After that,the probability of failure was calculated from the corresponding state transition diagram. The reliability of the ELN which was in different length of time under the ambient incentive was then analyzed. Based on the above processing,the reliability of the ELN can be improved.     

Dynamic Model Averaging and CPI Inflation Forecasts: A Comparison between the Euro Area and the United States

The paper forecasts consumer price inflation in the euro area (EA) and in the USA between 1980:Q1 and 2012:Q4 based on a large set of predictors, with dynamic model averaging (DMA) and dynamic model selection (DMS). DMA/DMS allows not solely for coefficients to change over time, but also for changes in the entire forecasting model over time. DMA/DMS provides on average the best inflation forecasts with regard to alternative approaches (such as the random walk). DMS outperforms DMA. These results are robust for different sample periods and for various forecast horizons. The paper highlights common features between the USA and the EA. First, two groups of predictors forecast inflation: temporary fundamentals that have a frequent impact on inflation but only for short time periods; and persistent fundamentals whose switches are less frequent over time. Second, the importance of some variables (particularly international food commodity prices, house prices and oil prices) as predictors for consumer price index inflation increases when such variables experience large shocks. The paper also shows that significant differences prevail in the forecasting models between the USA and the EA. Such differences can be explained by the structure of these respective economies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生态农业规模化经营策略的系统动力学仿真分析

生态农业的规模化经营涉及规模化种植农地的获得、生态养种技术的采纳、生态农产品溢价的实现、环境的可持续性等诸多问题,是一个动态的复杂过程.以银河杜仲生猪规模养殖生态农业系统为例,构建生态农业规模化经营系统动力学模型.基于系统动力学仿真实验方法,对"扩大生态农业系统种植业生产规模、提高生态农业技术水平、完善生态农产品市场"三项生态农业规模化经营策略,设置相应策略参数,通过参数调控实施策略仿真实验.结果表明:扩大种植业生产规模能有效消除规模养殖环境污染,提高农产品竞争力;提高生态农业技术水平,对促进沼气资源的开发利用、降低沼液种植成本具有很好的作用;完善生态农产品市场,是实现生态农产品溢价、提高其社会效益的有效途径,影响着养殖主体开发与流转规模种植农地的决策.最后,基于策略仿真实验结果,针对银河杜仲生态农业系统实际,提出三项具体规模化经营对策.     

供应链网络风险扩散动力学模型及其应用

在考察分析供应链网络结构域组分特征的基础上,建立了供应链网络风险扩散动力学模型,给出其定态解.该模型由一组方程构成,设置了风险产生项与风险湮没项,合理考虑了风险在供应链网络主体间的传导概率,并设置了主体感染风险阈值.该模型能够反映供应链网络中风险扩散机理,也可以揭示供应链网络结构演进下的风险扩散特征变化.将模型运用到实际的农产品供应链网络中,获得了当前农产品供应链网络及其演进结构下的风险扩散特性.     

锚杆预应力支护效应的数值模拟研究

通过ANSYS软件对巷道中锚杆在预应力取值分别为0 MPa(无支护)、0.02MPa、0.1 MPa时的无人支护效果进行了研究,根据研究结果,认为在II类围岩巷道中,锚杆预应力为0.02 MPa~0.1 MPa时形成的承压带的强度和厚度都明显增加,支护效果较好,预应力在0.1 MPa以上时,支护效果的改善不明显,在III类围岩巷道中,锚杆预应力比普通围岩的值略大,在0.05 MPa~0.15 MPa表现得比较明显。